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Objective
This paper reviews the state of the science on psychological and neural contributions to appetite self‐regulation in the context of obesity.
Methods
Three content areas (neural systems and cognitive functions; parenting and early childhood development; and goal setting and goal striving) served to illustrate different perspectives on the psychological and neural factors that contribute...
Objective
This review summarizes a portion of the discussions of an NIH Workshop (Bethesda, MD, 2015) titled “Self‐Regulation of Appetite—It's Complicated,” which focused on the biological aspects of appetite regulation.
Methods
This review summarizes the key biological inputs of appetite regulation and their implications for body weight regulation.
Results
These discussions offer an update of...
Objective
Appetite regulation is influenced by the environment, and the environment is shaped by food‐related policies. This review summarizes the environment and policy research portion of an NIH Workshop (Bethesda, MD, 2015) titled “Self‐Regulation of Appetite—It's Complicated.”
Methods
In this paper, we begin by making the case for why policy is an important tool in efforts to improve nutrition,...
Objective
A meeting of multidisciplinary biobehavioral scientists and National Institutes of Health (NIH) program staff was convened by the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, NIH to examine mechanisms associated with humans' ability to self‐regulate appetite and appetitive behavior.
Methods...
Objective
This study sought to evaluate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cancer mortality in men with overweight and obesity.
Methods
Maximal exercise testing was performed in 3,610 men (58.8 ± 17.5 years) (n = 2,100 with overweight and n = 1,510 with obesity) free from malignancy at baseline who were followed for 12.3 ± 7.4 years. Body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m...
Objective
Given the increasing evidence that obesity increases the risk of developing and dying from malignancy, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) launched an Obesity Initiative in 2013 that was designed to increase awareness among oncology providers and the general public of the relationship between obesity and cancer and to promote research in this area. Recognizing that the type...
Objective
Obesity, inflammation, and circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) have distinct roles in cancer prognosis. The interplay of these factors was investigated by evaluating the associations of body mass index (BMI) with circulating 25‐OHD levels in cancer survivors and determining whether associations were modified by inflammation, defined by C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels.
Methods
Data...
Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the potential effects of diet‐induced weight loss on molecular biomarkers of colorectal cancer risk in serum and colorectal tissue.
Methods
This single‐arm exploratory study included 20 adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 completing an 8‐week, complete, low‐energy liquid diet. Pre‐ and postintervention anthropometric measurements, fasting blood draws, and endoscopic...
Objective
The mechanisms driving the associations between body weight and physical activity levels and multiple types of cancer are not yet well understood. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of lifestyle interventions on proposed biomarkers of lifestyle and cancer risk at the level of adipose tissue in humans.
Methods
Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were searched by using keywords...
Objective
This study examined the effects of a group phone‐based weight management intervention on change in physical activity as measured via accelerometer and self‐report in rural breast cancer survivors. The study also evaluated the role of physical activity on clinically meaningful cut points for weight loss (baseline to 6 months) and weight loss maintenance (6 to 18 months).
Methods
Participants...
Objective
The goal of this study was to determine whether the reduction in cancer risk after bariatric surgery is due to weight loss.
Methods
A retrospective matched cohort study of patients undergoing bariatric surgery was conducted using data from a large integrated health insurance and care delivery system with five sites in four states. The study included 18,355 bariatric surgery subjects and...
Objective
The role of peritumoral adipose tissue (AT) has not been extensively studied in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods
This study was conducted in 20 male subjects undergoing elective surgery for CRC. The differences between the peritumoral visceral adipose tissue (P‐VAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of the patients were described via immunohistochemistry...
Objective
To evaluate the effects of diet‐induced changes in energy balance and body weight on in vivo colonocyte fractional proliferation rates (FPR) in people with obesity.
Methods
In vivo colonocyte FPR was assessed in 31 men and women with obesity (BMI: 35.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2, age: 52.6 ± 8.9 years) before and after diet‐induced weight loss, weight gain, or weight maintenance. Subjects ingested aliquots...
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